Опубликованный пакет / CLIR

eng.hobbes.leviathan

v0.1.0

Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill

Пломба §208sha256:67fd113d430660dece99c452832c721df4d32c1aa439aefee62bee1c0e63772c
Подключить / law.toml
[dependencies]
eng.hobbes.leviathan = "0.1.0"
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symbol_decl — 231
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
AcceptionOfPersonsViceAcception of personsinternal
AcknowledgeEqualityThat every man acknowledge other for his Equall by Natureinternal
AgainstArroganceThat at the entrance into conditions of Peace, no man require to reserve to himselfe any Right, which he is not content should be reserved to every one of the restinternal
AgainstContumelyThat no man by deed, word, countenance, or gesture, declare Hatred, or Contempt of anotherinternal
ArroganceViceArroganceinternal
ComplaisanceThat every man strive to accommodate himselfe to the restinternal
EnjoyAireenjoy aireinternal
EnjoyMotionenjoy motioninternal
EnjoyWaterenjoy waterinternal
EqualUseOfThingsCommonThat such things as cannot be divided, be enjoyed in Common, if it can be; and if the quantity of the thing permit, without Stint; otherwise Proportionably to the number of them that have Rightinternal
EquityIf a man be trusted to judge between man and man, that he deale Equally between theminternal
FacilityToPardonThat upon caution of the Future time, a man ought to pardon the offences past of them that repenting, desire itinternal
GratitudeThat a man which receiveth Benefit from another of meer Grace, Endeavour that he which giveth it, have no reasonable cause to repent him of his good willinternal
IngratitudeViceIngratitudeinternal
IniquityViceIniquityinternal
InjusticeViceInjusticeinternal
LayDownRightToAllThingsThat a man be willing, when others are so too, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfeinternal
NoManHisOwnJudgeNo man is a fit Arbitrator in his own causeinternal
NoPartialArbitratorNo man in any Cause ought to be received for Arbitrator, to whom greater profit, or honour, or pleasure apparently ariseth out of the victory of one party, than of the otherinternal
OfLotThat the Entire Right; or else, (making the use alternate,) the First Possession, be determined by Lotinternal
OfWitnessesIn a controversie of Fact, the Judge must give credit to a third; or to a third and fourth; or moreinternal
PerformCovenantsMadeThat men performe their Covenants madeinternal
PrideVicePrideinternal
PrimogenitureAndFirstSeisingThose things which cannot be enjoyed in common, nor divided, ought to be adjudged to the First Possessor; and in some cases to the First-Borne, as acquired by Lotinternal
ResistingChainsresisting Chaynsinternal
ResistingDeadlyForceresisting them, that assault him by force, to take away his lifeinternal
ResistingImprisonmentresisting Imprisonmentinternal
ResistingWoundsresisting Woundsinternal
RevengeRespectingFutureGoodThat in Revenges, Men look not at the greatnesse of the evill past, but the greatnesse of the good to followinternal
RightToGoverneOwnBodyright to governe their owne bodiesinternal
SafeConductForMediatorsThat all men that mediate Peace, be allowed safe Conductinternal
SeekPeaceTo seek Peace, and follow itinternal
SubmissionToArbitrementThat they that are at controversie, submit their Right to the judgement of an Arbitratorinternal
WaiesToGowaies to go from place to placeinternal
acception_of_personsthe violation, Acception Of Persons, Prosopolepsiainternal
accident_turned_it_to_benefitsome accident which he could not expect, arriving may turne it to his benefitinternal
acknowledgeth_other_as_equallacknowledgeth other for his Equall by Natureinternal
acquired_by_mutuall_contractacquired in recompence of the universall Right they abandoninternal
adjudged_toought to be adjudged to himinternal
against_the_law_or_notwhether against the Law, or not against the Law — a question Of Rightinternal
against_the_reason_of_his_preservationagainst the reason of his preservationinternal
allowed_safe_conductbe allowed safe Conductinternal
arbitrator_oftrusted by them that make him Arbitratorinternal
arrogantthe breakers, Arrogant Men; the Greeks call the violation pleonexiainternal
assurance_of_pardonassurance of pardoninternal
at_controversiethey that are at controversieinternal
at_entrance_into_conditions_of_peaceat the entrance into conditions of Peaceinternal
attaineth_soveraignty_by_rebellionattaining Soveraignty by Rebellioninternal
became_impossible_afterwardsif that prove impossible afterwards, which before was thought possibleinternal
bindeth_in_the_sight_of_godbinds in the sight of Godinternal
binds_in_foro_externothe Law of Nature bindeth In Foro Externo, that is, to the putting it in actinternal
bound_to_the_valuethe Covenant is valid, and bindeth, though not to the thing it selfe, yet to the valueinternal
bound_to_unfeigned_endeavourbound to the unfeigned endeavour of performing as much as is possible; for to more no man can be obligedinternal
breach_conduceth_to_benefitwhen it conduceth to such a benefit, as shall put a man in a condition, to neglect the power of other meninternal
breach_conduceth_to_eternall_felicitythey will not have the Law of Nature to be those Rules which conduce to the preservation of mans life on earth; but to the attaining of an eternall felicity after death; to which they think the breach of Covenant may conduceinternal
breach_in_foro_internoa breach of the Obligation In Foro Internointernal
breach_not_against_reasonto keep, or not keep Covenants, was not against Reasoninternal
breach_of_faith_is_a_precept_of_reasonBreach of Faith called a Precept of Reason, or Natureinternal
breaketh_covenanthe that breaketh his Covenantinternal
by_mediation_of_revelationby Mediation of such as God speaketh to, either by Revelation supernaturall, or by his Lieutenantsinternal
can_be_enjoyed_in_commoncan be enjoyed in Commoninternal
can_never_be_made_lawfullcan never be made lawfullinternal
cannot_be_dividedsuch things as cannot be dividedinternal
cannot_be_received_into_societycannot be received into any Society, that unite themselves for Peace and defence, but by the errour of them that receive himinternal
cause_of_feare_arising_aftersomething arising after the Covenant made; as some new fact, or other signe of the Will not to performeinternal
cause_of_warreis the cause of Warreinternal
caution_of_the_future_timecaution of the Future timeinternal
coercive_power_erectedsome coercive Power, to compell men equally to the performance of their Covenants, by the terrour of some punishmentinternal
common_power_overa common Power set over them, with right and force sufficient to compell performanceinternal
commutative_justiceCommutative Justice, is the Justice of a Contractor; that is, a Performance of Covenantinternal
conformable_to_his_own_will_signifieddone to a man, conformable to his own Will signified to the doerinternal
content_it_be_reserved_to_every_oneis content that the same Right should be reserved to every one of the restinternal
contented_with_equall_libertyis contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfeinternal
contractCONTRACTinternal
contractor_ina Contractor, in Buying, and Selling; Hiring, and Letting to Hire; Lending, and Borrowing; Exchanging, Barteringinternal
controversie_of_facta controversie of Factinternal
contumelyThe breach of which Law, is commonly called Contumelyinternal
covenanta Covenant, or PACTinternal
covenant_betweenthe parties to the Covenantinternal
covenant_discharged_by_vicethe Covenant made is discharged by the vice of the person to whom it was madeinternal
covenanted_to_obeyhe had before Covenanted to obeyinternal
credit_given_to_a_thirdcredit given to a third; or to a third and fourth; or moreinternal
crueltyRevenge without respect to the Example, and profit to come, is commonly stiled by the name of Crueltyinternal
damage_redoundeth_tothe dammage redoundeth to anotherinternal
dealeth_equally_between_themdealeth Equally between theminternal
declareth_hatred_or_contemptby deed, word, countenance, or gesture, declareth Hatred, or Contempt of anotherinternal
declareth_he_thinks_it_reason_to_deceivedeclares he thinks it reason to deceive those that help himinternal
delivered_in_the_word_of_godconsidered as delivered in the word of God, that by right commandeth all thingsinternal
designed_for_correction_or_directionwith the designe of correction of the offender, or direction of othersinternal
destructive_of_his_lifethat, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the sameinternal
determined_by_lotthe Entire Right, or the First Possession, determined by Lotinternal
devested_of_liberty_of_hindringDevested himselfe of the Liberty, of hindring another of the benefit of his own Right to the sameinternal
diminution_of_impedimentsthe effect which redoundeth to one man, by another mans defect of Right, is but so much diminution of impediments to the use of his own Right originallinternal
distributes_to_every_man_his_ownhe is said to distribute to every man his own; which is more properly Equityinternal
done_or_not_donewhether it were done, or not done — a question Of Factinternal
doth_the_actiondoth the actioninternal
doth_to_anotherdoth that to anotherinternal
endeavourethendeavoureth the performance of the Lawinternal
enjoyed_in_common_without_stintenjoyed in Common without Stintinternal
enjoyed_proportionablyenjoyed Proportionably to the number of them that have Rightinternal
entred_into_by_fearea Covenant entred into by fearinternal
event_cannot_reasonably_be_expectedthough the event follow, yet it cannot reasonably be expected, but rather the contrary; and by gaining it so, others are taught to gain the same in like mannerinternal
expresse_signeSignes of Contract Expresseinternal
externall_impedimentexternall Impedimentinternal
first_bornethe First-Borne, as acquired by Lotinternal
first_possessorthe First Possessorinternal
forgivenForgivenesse, the restitution of libertyinternal
forme_of_speech_added_to_promisea Forme Of Speech, Added To A Promise; By Which He That Promiseth, Signifieth, That Unlesse He Performe, He Renounceth The Mercy Of His Godinternal
former_covenant_to_anothera former Covenant, passing away the same Right to another maninternal
free_gift_ofthe transferring of Right is not mutuall, but a GIFT, FREEGIFT, GRACEinternal
freed_of_covenantMen are freed of their Covenantsinternal
fulfilleth_the_lawfulfilleth the Lawinternal
giver_hath_no_cause_to_repenthe which giveth it, have no reasonable cause to repent him of his good willinternal
greater_profit_from_victory_of_one_partyto whom greater profit, or honour, or pleasure apparently ariseth out of the victory of one party, than of the otherinternal
guilty_of_the_warreis guilty of the warre that thereupon is to followinternal
hinderethhindereth him from the benefit of the Right granted or abandonedinternal
hindred_the_making_of_itthe same fault was sufficient to have hindred the making of itinternal
hope_of_obtaining_peacehe has hope of obtaining Peaceinternal
in_condition_of_meer_naturein the condition of meer Natureinternal
in_condition_of_warthe condition of Warre of every one against every oneinternal
in_vain_and_no_oathis in vain; and no Oathinternal
inflicteth_punishmentinflicteth punishmentinternal
ingratitudeThe breach of this Law, is called Ingratitudeinternal
injury_done_tothe Injury is done to him to whom the Covenant was madeinternal
injusticesuch hindrance is INJUSTICE, and INJURY, as being Sine Jureinternal
injustice_actuallyInjustice actually, that is, after the erection of a Common-wealthinternal
injustice_of_actionthe definition of INJUSTICE, is no other than The Not Performance Of Covenantinternal
insufficient_signe_of_free_giftan insufficient signe of a Free-gift and therefore not obligatoryinternal
just_actionwhatsoever is not Unjust, is Justinternal
just_manhe that fulfilleth the Law, is Justinternal
keepeth_promiseKeeping Of Promise, or Faithinternal
keeping_of_covenant_is_a_rule_of_reasonJustice therefore, that is to say, Keeping of Covenant, is a Rule of Reason, by which we are forbidden to do any thing destructive to our life; and consequently a Law of Natureinternal
known_to_be_impossiblethe matter promised is known to be Impossibleinternal
law_of_naturea Law of Natureinternal
law_of_nature_of_civil_societyone of the Lawes of Nature which onely concern the doctrine of Civill Societyinternal
lawfull_covenanta Covenant, if lawfullinternal
layeth_down_right_to_all_thingslayeth down this right to all thingsinternal
mana maninternal
matter_of_covenantthe matter, or subject of a Covenantinternal
means_of_enjoyingthe Means of enjoying the Right, as farre as lyeth in his powerinternal
mediateth_peacemen that mediate Peaceinternal
meritethis said to MERIT that which he is to receive, and hath it as DUEinternal
modestThe observers of this law, are those we call Modestinternal
morall_vertuethe way, or means of Peace, are good; that is to say, Morall Vertuesinternal
mutuall_transferring_of_rightThe mutuall transferring of Right, is that which men call CONTRACTinternal
named_by_hobbes_as_never_lawfullnamed among those that can never be made lawfullinternal
names_of_just_and_unjust_have_placethe names of Just, and Unjust can have placeinternal
necessary_to_retainenecessarie for mans life to retaine; as right to governe their owne bodies; enjoy aire, water, motion, waies to go from place to placeinternal
neglecteth_that_carehe that neglecteth itinternal
no_injury_doneis no Injury to himinternal
no_naturall_knowledge_of_estate_after_deaththere is no naturall knowledge of mans estate after death; much lesse of the reward that is then to be given to breach of Faithinternal
no_security_of_lifethere can be no security to any man of living out the time, which Nature ordinarily alloweth men to liveinternal
not_reasonably_or_wisely_donesuch events do not make it reasonably or wisely doneinternal
not_to_be_understood_as_meanthe is not to be understood as if he meant it, or that it was his willinternal
not_to_defend_himselfea Covenant not to defend my selfe from force, by forceinternal
oathOATHinternal
obliged_not_to_hinderis OBLIGED, or BOUND, not to hinder those, to whom such Right is granted, or abandoned, from the benefit of itinternal
obliged_to_transferre_hindring_rightsobliged to transferre to another, such Rights, as being retained, hinder the peace of Mankindinternal
of_mutuall_trusta Covenant wherein neither of the parties performe presently, but trust one anotherinternal
offence_pastthe offences pastinternal
one_way_imaginable_is_keeping_covenantthere being but one way imaginable; and that is not breaking, but keeping of Covenantinternal
other_argumentsother Argumentsinternal
other_signes_of_will_to_transferreother signes of the Will to transferre a Right, besides Wordsinternal
others_willing_to_lay_down_rightwhen others are so too, as farre-forth, as for Peace, and defence of himselfe he shall think it necessaryinternal
pardonethpardoneth the offence pastinternal
party_toa party to the controversie; his own causeinternal
peace_unobtainablehe cannot obtain Peaceinternal
performedPerformance, the naturall end of obligationinternal
performeth_his_trustif he performe his Trustinternal
performeth_presentlydelivereth the Thing contracted for on his partinternal
power_left_himthe power left him, according as his judgement, and reason shall dictate to himinternal
practised_bypractiseth the Viceinternal
prideThe breach of this Precept is Prideinternal
properly_called_lawthen are they properly called Lawesinternal
proprietythat Propriety, which by mutuall Contract men acquireinternal
quantity_permittethif the quantity of the thing permitinternal
question_of_fact_decidedthe question Of Fact is decided: whether it were done, or not doneinternal
question_of_right_decidedthe question Of Right is decided: whether against the Law, or not against the Lawinternal
reasonable_suspicionany reasonable suspition that the other will not performeinternal
reasonable_suspicion_establishedit is established that there is a reasonable suspition of non-performanceinternal
received_for_arbitratoris received for Arbitratorinternal
receiveth_benefit_of_meer_gracereceiveth Benefit from another of meer Graceinternal
renounced_righthath simply Renounced his Right, not caring to whom the benefit thereof redoundethinternal
repenting_desireth_pardonthem that repenting, desire itinternal
requireth_to_reserve_rightrequireth to reserve to himselfe a Rightinternal
retaineth_things_superfluous_to_himselfestriveth to retain those things which to himselfe are superfluous, and to others necessaryinternal
right_of_preserving_his_persona Right whose end is the security of a mans person, in his life, and in the means of so preserving lifeinternal
right_passeththe Right passethinternal
right_tothe Right of Nature: the Liberty each man hath, to use his own power for the preservation of his own Natureinternal
righteous_mana Righteous maninternal
security_of_performancethere is Security that the Lawes of Nature may be put in actinternal
seeketh_felicity_of_heaven_by_breachgaining the secure and perpetuall felicity of Heaven, by any wayinternal
seeketh_peaceseeketh Peace, and followeth itinternal
seemeth_to_despoyle_himselfe_of_the_endby words, or other signes, seemeth to despoyle himselfe of the End, for which those signes were intendedinternal
signe_by_inferenceSignes by Inferenceinternal
sociableThe observers of this Law, may be called SOCIABLEinternal
striveth_to_accommodate_himselfestriveth to accommodate himselfe to the restinternal
submitteth_to_arbitrementsubmit their Right to the judgement of an Arbitratorinternal
sufficient_signe_of_renouncinga Declaration, or Signification, by some voluntary and sufficient signeinternal
sufficiently_argues_the_willwhatsoever sufficiently argues the will of the Contractorinternal
sworne_by_the_god_he_fearethsworn by the God he fearethinternal
taketh_all_care_his_actions_be_justhe that taketh all the care he can, that his Actions may be all Justinternal
tendeth_to_his_own_destructionnotwithstanding any thing can be foreseen, and reckoned on, tendeth to his own destructioninternal
theoreme_of_reasonbut Conclusions, or Theoremes concerning what conduceth to the conservation and defence of themselvesinternal
thingany thinginternal
thinketh_action_contrarythinketh his Action contrary to the Law, though it be according to itinternal
thinketh_best_preserveth_himthat, by which he thinketh it may be best preservedinternal
to_accuse_himselfea Covenant to accuse ones Selfeinternal
transferred_righthath Transferred his Right, intending the benefit thereof to a certain personinternal
transferring_not_mutuallthe transferring of Right is not mutuall; one of the parties transferreth, in hope to gain friendship, service, reputation of Charity, or reward in heaveninternal
trusted_to_judge_betweena man trusted to judge between man and maninternal
trusted_to_performe_hereafteris to performe his part at some determinate time after, and in the mean time is trustedinternal
unjust_action_from_sudden_passionunjust Actions, that proceed from sudden Passion, or mistake of Things, or Personsinternal
unlawfull_covenanta Covenant, if unlawfullinternal
unrighteous_manan Unrighteous maninternal
uses_own_power_for_preservationuseth his own power, as he will himselfe, for the preservation of his own Natureinternal
useth_helps_and_advantages_of_warreseeketh, and useth, all helps, and advantages of Warreinternal
valid_though_extortedthe Covenant is valid, though extorted by feareinternal
value_also_impossibleif that also be impossibleinternal
vice_of_the_person_to_whom_madea fault of the person to whom the Covenant was made; as Heretiques, and such as use not to performe their Covenant to othersinternal
violation_of_faiththe fayling of performance (if it be voluntary) Violation Of Faithinternal
void_covenantthe Covenant is Voydinternal
winneth_the_prizeso to Win, or so to Catch, the Prize propounded to manyinternal
with_bruit_beasta Covenant with bruit Beastsinternal
with_goda Covenant with Godinternal
witness_for_one_partya witnesse for one partyinternal
witness_for_other_partya witnesse for the other partyinternal
words_of_present_or_pastwords of the time Present, or Past; as, I Give, I Grant, I Have Giveninternal
words_of_the_futurewords of the future; as, I Will Give, I Will Grant; which words are called Promiseinternal
words_spoken_with_understandingwords spoken with understanding of what they signifieinternal
would_not_have_done_to_himselfethat which thou wouldest not have done to thy selfeinternal
type_decl — 11
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
CommonPowercommon Power, with right and force sufficient to compell performanceinternal
Controversycontroversieinternal
CovenantCovenant, or Pactinternal
Deedactioninternal
GiftGIFT, FREE-GIFT, GRACEinternal
NaturalLawLaw of Natureinternal
Offenceoffence pastinternal
Personmaninternal
Powera mans own powerinternal
Thingthe matter of a Right or of a Covenantinternal
ViceViceinternal
rule — 118
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
AJustManIsHeThatTakethCareA Just man therefore, is he that taketh all the care he can, that his Actions may be all Just1internal
AnUnjustManIsHeThatNeglectethItand an Unjust man, is he that neglecteth it1internal
BarePromiseOfFutureGiftIsInsufficientWords alone, if they be of the time to come, and contain a bare promise, are an insufficient signe of a Free-gift and therefore not obligatory1internal
BreachInForoInternoByActThoughtContrarymay be broken, not onely by a fact contrary to the Law but also by a fact according to it, in case a man think it contrary1internal
BreachOfGratitudeIsIngratitudeThe breach of this Law, is called Ingratitude1internal
BreachOfTheEighthIsContumelyThe breach of which Law, is commonly called Contumely1internal
BreachOfTheNinthIsPrideThe breach of this Precept is Pride1internal
BreakerCannotBeReceivedIntoSocietyHe therefore that breaketh his Covenant, and consequently declareth that he thinks he may with reason do so, cannot be received into any Society, that unite themselves for Peace and defence, but by the errour of them that receive him1internal
BreakersOfTheTenthAreArrogantThe observers of this law, are those we call Modest, and the breakers Arrogant Men1internal
CastOutOfSocietyHePerishethif he be left, or cast out of Society, he perisheth; and if he live in Society, it is by the errours of other men, which he could not foresee, nor reckon upon; and consequently against the reason of his preservation1internal
CommutativeJusticeIsPerformanceOfCovenantTo speak properly, Commutative Justice, is the Justice of a Contractor; that is, a Performance of Covenant1internal
ContractOnTrustIsCovenantthe Contract on his part, is called PACT, or COVENANT1internal
CovenantNotToDefendHimselfeIsVoydA Covenant not to defend my selfe from force, by force, is alwayes voyd1internal
CovenantOfMutuallTrustVoydInMeerNatureIf a Covenant be made, wherein neither of the parties performe presently, but trust one another; in the condition of meer Nature, upon any reasonable suspition, it is Voyd1internal
CovenantToAccuseHimselfeIsInvalidA Covenant to accuse ones Selfe, without assurance of pardon, is likewise invalide1internal
CovenantsExtortedByFeareAreValidCovenants entred into by fear, in the condition of meer Nature, are obligatory1internal
CovenantsNotDischargedByViceOfTheOtherif any fault of a man, be sufficient to discharge our Covenant made; the same ought in reason to have been sufficient to have hindred the making of it1internal
DictatesOfReasonAreButTheoremesThese dictates of Reason, men use to call by the name of Lawes; but improperly: for they are but Conclusions, or Theoremes1internal
DistributiveJusticeIsMoreProperlyEquityAnd Distributive Justice, the Justice of an Arbitrator; if he performe his Trust, he is said to distribute to every man his own; but more properly Equity1internal
DoNotThatToAnotherDo not that to another, which thou wouldest not have done to thy selfe1internal
DutyNotToMakeVoydHisOwnActhe Ought, and it his DUTY, not to make voyd that voluntary act of his own1internal
EighteenthLawNoPartialArbitratorno man in any Cause ought to be received for Arbitrator, to whom greater profit, or honour, or pleasure apparently ariseth out of the victory of one party, than of the other1internal
EighthLawAgainstContumelyThat no man by deed, word, countenance, or gesture, declare Hatred, or Contempt of another1internal
EleventhLawEquityIf a man be trusted to judge between man and man, it is a precept of the Law of Nature, that he deale Equally between them1internal
EndeavourFulfillethTheLawin that they require nothing but endeavour; he that endeavoureth their performance, fulfilleth them1internal
EveryManHasRightToEveryThingin such a condition, every man has a Right to every thing; even to one anothers body1internal
ExpresseSigneIsSufficientAnd these Signes are either Words onely, or Actions onely; or both Words and Actions: and the same are the BONDS, by which men are bound, and obliged1internal
ExpresseSignesAreWordsWithUnderstandingSignes of Contract, are either Expresse, or By Inference. Expresse, are words spoken with understanding of what they signifie1internal
FifteenthLawSafeConductForMediatorsThat all men that mediate Peace, be allowed safe Conduct1internal
FifthLawComplaisanceA fifth Law of Nature, is COMPLEASANCE; that is to say, That every man strive to accommodate himselfe to the rest1internal
FirstAndFundamentallLawOfNatureThe first, and Fundamentall Law of Nature; which is, To seek Peace, and follow it1internal
FooleInstanceOfHeavenThe Kingdome of God is gotten by violence; but what if it could be gotten by unjust violence? were it against Reason so to get it, when it is impossible to receive hurt by it?1internal
FooleInstanceOfRebellionwhen the Heire apparent of a Kingdome, shall kill him that is in possession, though his father; yet it can never be against Reason, seeing all the voluntary actions of men tend to the benefit of themselves1internal
FooleSaysBreachIsNotAgainstReasonhe questioneth, whether Injustice may not sometimes stand with that Reason, which dictateth to every man his own good; and particularly then, when it conduceth to such a benefit, as shall put a man in a condition, to neglect the power of other men1internal
ForbiddenToDoWhatIsDestructiveA LAW OF NATURE is a Precept, or generall Rule, found out by Reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same1internal
ForbiddenToOmitWhatPreservethand to omit, that, by which he thinketh it may be best preserved1internal
ForeseeableDestructionIsNotWiselyDonewhen a man doth a thing, which notwithstanding any thing can be foreseen, and reckoned on, tendeth to his own destruction, howsoever some accident which he could not expect, arriving may turne it to his benefit; yet such events do not make it reasonably or wisely done1internal
FormerCovenantMakesVoydTheLaterA former Covenant, makes voyd a later. For a man that hath passed away his Right to one man to day, hath it not to passe to morrow to another1internal
FourteenthLawFirstBorneand in some cases to the First-Borne, as acquired by Lot1internal
FourteenthLawFirstPossessorthose things which cannot be enjoyed in common, nor divided, ought to be adjudged to the First Possessor1internal
FourthLawGratitudeThat a man which receiveth Benefit from another of meer Grace, Endeavour that he which giveth it, have no reasonable cause to repent him of his good will1internal
FreedByBeingForgivenMen are freed of their Covenants by being Forgiven1internal
FreedByPerformingMen are freed of their Covenants by Performing1internal
FutureWordsWithOtherSignesPasseTheRightif there be other signes of the Will to transferre a Right, besides Words; then, though the gift be Free, yet may the Right passe by words of the future1internal
HeThatFulfillethTheLawIsJustand he that fulfilleth the Law, is Just1internal
HeThatPerformethFirstMeritethHe that performeth first in the case of a Contract, is said to MERIT that which he is to receive by the performance of the other; and he hath it as Due1internal
HeThatWinnethMeritethwhen a gift is given indefinitely, as a prize to be contended for, he that winneth Meriteth, and may claime the Prize as Due1internal
HindranceSineJureIsInjusticesuch hindrance is INJUSTICE, and INJURY, as being Sine Jure; the Right being before renounced, or transferred1internal
IfValueImpossibleBoundToEndeavouror, if that also be impossible, to the unfeigned endeavour of performing as much as is possible; for to more no man can be obliged1internal
ImpedimentsCannotHinderThePowerLeftwhich Impediments, may oft take away part of a mans power to do what hee would; but cannot hinder him from using the power left him1internal
InContractsFutureWordsPasseTheRightIn Contracts, the right passeth, not onely where the words are of the time Present, or Past; but also where they are of the Future; A Promise is equivalent to a Covenant; and therefore obligatory1internal
InjuryIsToHimToWhomTheCovenantWasMadethe Injustice of an Action supposeth an individuall person Injured; namely him, to whom the Covenant was made: And therefore many times the injury is received by one man, when the dammage redoundeth to another1internal
InjusticeActuallyRequiresCommonWealthyet Injustice actually there can be none, till the cause of such feare be taken away1internal
InstanceOfHeavenIsFrivolousAs for the Instance of gaining the secure and perpetuall felicity of Heaven, by any way; it is frivolous: there being but one way imaginable; and that is not breaking, but keeping of Covenant1internal
JusticeIsARuleOfReasonJustice therefore, that is to say, Keeping of Covenant, is a Rule of Reason, by which we are forbidden to do any thing destructive to our life; and consequently a Law of Nature1internal
LateImpossibilityBindsToTheValueBut if that prove impossible afterwards, which before was thought possible, the Covenant is valid, and bindeth, though not to the thing it selfe, yet to the value1internal
LawesOfNatureBindInForoExternoOnlyWithSecurityBut In Foro Externo; that is, to the putting them in act, not alwayes1internal
LawesOfNatureObligeInForoInternoThe Lawes of Nature oblige In Foro Interno; that is to say, they bind to a desire they should take place1internal
LawfullCovenantBindsWithoutOathFor a Covenant, if lawfull, binds in the sight of God, without the Oath, as much as with it1internal
LawsOfCivilSocietyAreLawsOfNatureThese are the Lawes of Nature, dictating Peace, for a means of the conservation of men in multitudes1internal
LayingDownRightDevestethTheLibertyOfHindringTo Lay Downe a mans Right to any thing, is to Devest himselfe of the Liberty, of hindring another of the benefit of his own Right to the same1internal
MeansOfPeaceAreMorallVertuesall men agree on this, that Peace is Good, and therefore also the way, or means of Peace, are good; that is to say, Morall Vertues1internal
MutuallTransferringIsContractThe mutuall transferring of Right, is that which men call CONTRACT1internal
NamedVicesCanNeverBeMadeLawfullFor Injustice, Ingratitude, Arrogance, Pride, Iniquity, Acception of persons, and the rest, can never be made lawfull1internal
NamesOfJustAndUnjustRequireCoercivePowerbefore the names of Just, and Unjust can have place, there must be some coercive Power; and such power there is none before the erection of a Common-wealth1internal
NineteenthLawOfWitnessesin a controversie of Fact, the Judge being to give no more credit to one, than to the other, (if there be no other Arguments) must give credit to a third; or to a third and fourth; or more1internal
NinthLawAcknowledgeEqualityThat every man acknowledge other for his Equall by Nature1internal
NoCovenantOfTheImpossibleto promise that which is known to be Impossible, is no Covenant1internal
NoCovenantWithBeastsTo make Covenant with bruit Beasts, is impossible; without mutuall acceptation, there is no Covenant1internal
NoCovenantWithGodWithoutRevelationTo make Covenant with God, is impossible, but by Mediation of such as God speaketh to1internal
NoNaturallKnowledgeAfterDeathBut because there is no naturall knowledge of mans estate after death; but onely a beliefe grounded upon other mens saying, that they know it supernaturally; Breach of Faith cannot be called a Precept of Reason, or Nature1internal
NoOathButByGodan Oath taken according to any other Forme, or Rite, then his, that sweareth, is in vain; and no Oath1internal
NoSecurityWhileRightToEveryThingEndurethas long as this naturall Right of every man to every thing endureth, there can be no security to any man1internal
NonMutuallTransferIsFreeGiftWhen the transferring of Right, is not mutuall; but one of the parties transferreth, in hope to gain thereby friendship, or service; this is not Contract, but GIFT, FREEGIFT, GRACE1internal
NotPerformanceOfCovenantIsInjusticewhen a Covenant is made, then to break it is Unjust: And the definition of INJUSTICE, is no other than The Not Performance Of Covenant1internal
NothingDoneByConsentIsInjuryWhatsoever is done to a man, conformable to his own Will signified to the doer, is no Injury to him1internal
ObjectionOfEternallFelicityThere be some that proceed further; and will not have the Law of Nature to be those Rules which conduce to the preservation of mans life on earth; but to the attaining of an eternall felicity after death; to which they think the breach of Covenant may conduce; and consequently be just and reasonable1internal
ObligationFromRenouncingRightwhen a man hath abandoned his Right; then is he said to be OBLIGED, or BOUND, not to hinder those, to whom such Right is abandoned1internal
ObligationFromTransferringRightwhen a man hath granted away his Right; then is he said to be OBLIGED, or BOUND, not to hinder those, to whom such Right is granted1internal
ObligationToTransferreHindringRightsthat law of Nature, by which we are obliged to transferre to another, such Rights, as being retained, hinder the peace of Mankind1internal
ObserversOfComplaisanceAreSociableThe observers of this Law, may be called SOCIABLE1internal
ObserversOfTheTenthAreModestThe observers of this law, are those we call Modest1internal
OpposingForSuperfluousThingsIsGuiltyOfWarreHe that shall oppose himselfe against it, for things superfluous, is guilty of the warre that thereupon is to follow1internal
PartiallJudgeIsCauseOfWarreHe therefore that is partiall in judgment, doth what in him lies, to deterre men from the use of Judges, and Arbitrators; and consequently is the cause of Warre1internal
ProprietyBeginsWithCommonWealthwhere there is no coerceive Power erected, that is, where there is no Common-wealth, there is no Propriety1internal
QuestionOfFactDecidedwhether it were done, or not done; the former whereof, is called a question Of Fact1internal
QuestionOfRightDecidedwhether against the Law, or not against the Law; the later a question Of Right1internal
ReasonableSuspicionEstablishedupon any reasonable suspition, arising after the Covenant made1internal
RebellionCannotReasonablyBeExpectedthough the event follow, yet because it cannot reasonably be expected, but rather the contrary; and because by gaining it so, others are taught to gain the same in like manner, the attempt thereof is against reason1internal
RenouncingGivethNoNewRightButDiminishethImpedimentshe that renounceth, or passeth away his Right, giveth not to any other man a Right which he had not before; but onely standeth out of his way1internal
RevengeWithoutRespectToComeIsCrueltyRevenge without respect to the Example, and profit to come, is a triumph, or glorying in the hurt of another, tending to no end; and is commonly stiled by the name of Cruelty1internal
RightOfNatureIsLibertyThe RIGHT OF NATURE is the Liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himselfe, for the preservation of his own Nature1internal
RightToTheEndContainethRightToTheMeansHe that transferreth any Right, transferreth the Means of enjoying it, as farre as lyeth in his power1internal
RighteousManKeepsTitleDespiteSuddenPassiona Righteous man, does not lose that Title, by one, or a few unjust Actions, that proceed from sudden Passion, or mistake of Things, or Persons1internal
RightsOfPreservationAreInalienablethere be some Rights, which no man can be understood by any words, or other signes, to have abandoned, or transferred1internal
SecondLawOfNature/norm/1That a man be willing, when others are so too, as farre-forth, as for Peace, and defence of himselfe he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfe1internal
SecondLawOfNature/norm/2That a man be willing, when others are so too, as farre-forth, as for Peace, and defence of himselfe he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfe1internal
SecurityFromCommonPowerif there be a common Power set over them bothe, with right and force sufficient to compell performance1internal
SeventeenthLawNoManHisOwnJudgeno man is a fit Arbitrator in his own cause1internal
SeventhLawRevengeRespectingFutureGoodThat in Revenges, Men look not at the greatnesse of the evill past, but the greatnesse of the good to follow1internal
SigneByInferenceIsSufficientSignes by Inference, are sometimes the consequence of Words; sometimes of Silence; sometimes of Actions; sometimes of Forbearing an Action1internal
SignesByInferenceArgueTheWillgenerally a signe by Inference, of any Contract, is whatsoever sufficiently argues the will of the Contractor1internal
SignesDespoylingTheEndAreNotMeantif a man by words, or other signes, seem to despoyle himselfe of the End, for which those signes were intended; he is not to be understood as if he meant it1internal
SixteenthLawSubmissionToArbitrementThat they that are at controversie, submit their Right to the judgement of an Arbitrator1internal
SixthLawFacilityToPardonThat upon caution of the Future time, a man ought to pardon the offences past of them that repenting, desire it1internal
SummeOfTheRightOfNatureThe Second, the summe of the Right of Nature; which is, By all means we can, to defend our selves1internal
TenthLawAgainstArroganceThat at the entrance into conditions of Peace, no man require to reserve to himselfe any Right, which he is not content should be reserved to every one of the rest1internal
TheoremesDeliveredByGodAreProperlyLawesBut yet if we consider the same Theoremes, as delivered in the word of God, that by right commandeth all things; then are they properly called Lawes1internal
ThirdLawOfNaturePerformeCovenantsThat Men Performe Their Covenants Made: without which, Covenants are in vain, and but Empty words1internal
ThirteenthLawOfLotBut some things there be, that can neither be divided, nor enjoyed in common. Then the Law of Nature requireth, That the Entire Right; or else, the First Possession, be determined by Lot1internal
TwelfthLawProportionablyotherwise Proportionably to the number of them that have Right; For otherwise the distribution is Unequall, and contrary to Equitie1internal
TwelfthLawWithoutStintThat such things as cannot be divided, be enjoyed in Common, if it can be; and if the quantity of the thing permit, without Stint1internal
UnlawfullCovenantBindsNotEvenWithOathif unlawfull, bindeth not at all; though it be confirmed with an Oath1internal
VicesAreImmuneFromBeingMadeLawfullThe Lawes of Nature are Immutable and Eternall1internal
ViolationOfEquityIsAcceptionOfPersonsthe violation, Acception Of Persons, Prosopolepsia1internal
WhatAnOathIsWhich Swearing or OATH, is a Forme Of Speech, Added To A Promise1internal
WhatsoeverIsNotUnjustIsJustAnd whatsoever is not Unjust, is Just1internal
WordsOfPresentOrPastPasseTheRightif the words be of the time Present, or Past, then is my to morrows Right given away to day1internal
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AcknowledgeOtherAsEquallThat every man acknowledge other for his Equall by Nature1internal
AllHelpsAndAdvantagesOfWarreThe Second, the summe of the Right of Nature; which is, By all means we can, to defend our selves1internal
AllowSafeConductThat all men that mediate Peace, be allowed safe Conduct1internal
BeArbitratorInHisOwnCauseno man is a fit Arbitrator in his own cause1internal
BePartialArbitratorno man in any Cause ought to be received for Arbitrator, to whom greater profit, or honour, or pleasure apparently ariseth out of the victory of one party, than of the other1internal
ContentedWithEquallLibertyThat a man be willing, when others are so too, as farre-forth, as for Peace, and defence of himselfe he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfe1internal
DealeEquallyBetweenThemIf a man be trusted to judge between man and man, it is a precept of the Law of Nature, that he deale Equally between them1internal
DeclareHatredOrContemptThat no man by deed, word, countenance, or gesture, declare Hatred, or Contempt of another1internal
DetermineByLotBut some things there be, that can neither be divided, nor enjoyed in common. Then the Law of Nature requireth, That the Entire Right; or else, the First Possession, be determined by Lot1internal
DoWhatIsDestructiveOfHisLifeA LAW OF NATURE is a Precept, or generall Rule, found out by Reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same1internal
DoingToAnotherWhatHeWouldNotHaveDoneDo not that to another, which thou wouldest not have done to thy selfe1internal
EndeavourGiverRepentNotThat a man which receiveth Benefit from another of meer Grace, Endeavour that he which giveth it, have no reasonable cause to repent him of his good will1internal
EndeavourPeaceThe first, and Fundamentall Law of Nature; which is, To seek Peace, and follow it1internal
EndeavourTheLawOfNatureThe Lawes of Nature oblige In Foro Interno; that is to say, they bind to a desire they should take place1internal
EnjoyInCommonWithoutStintThat such things as cannot be divided, be enjoyed in Common, if it can be; and if the quantity of the thing permit, without Stint1internal
EnjoyProportionablyotherwise Proportionably to the number of them that have Right; For otherwise the distribution is Unequall, and contrary to Equitie1internal
GiveCreditToAThirdin a controversie of Fact, the Judge being to give no more credit to one, than to the other, (if there be no other Arguments) must give credit to a third; or to a third and fourth; or more1internal
InalienableRightOfPreservationthere be some Rights, which no man can be understood by any words, or other signes, to have abandoned, or transferred1internal
LayDownRightToAllThingsDutyThat a man be willing, when others are so too, as farre-forth, as for Peace, and defence of himselfe he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfe1internal
NoViceMadeLawfullThe Lawes of Nature are Immutable and Eternall1internal
NotToHinderhe Ought, and it his DUTY, not to make voyd that voluntary act of his own1internal
NotToOmitWhatPreservethand to omit, that, by which he thinketh it may be best preserved1internal
PardonOffencesPastThat upon caution of the Future time, a man ought to pardon the offences past of them that repenting, desire it1internal
PerformeCovenantsMadeThat Men Performe Their Covenants Made: without which, Covenants are in vain, and but Empty words1internal
PunishWithoutRespectToTheFutureThat in Revenges, Men look not at the greatnesse of the evill past, but the greatnesse of the good to follow1internal
ReserveRightNotAllowedToOthersThat at the entrance into conditions of Peace, no man require to reserve to himselfe any Right, which he is not content should be reserved to every one of the rest1internal
RightOfNatureThe RIGHT OF NATURE is the Liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himselfe, for the preservation of his own Nature1internal
StriveToAccommodateA fifth Law of Nature, is COMPLEASANCE; that is to say, That every man strive to accommodate himselfe to the rest1internal
SubmitToArbitrementThat they that are at controversie, submit their Right to the judgement of an Arbitrator1internal
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assert-11internal
assert-101internal
assert-111internal
assert-121internal
assert-131internal
assert-141internal
assert-151internal
assert-161internal
assert-171internal
assert-181internal
assert-191internal
assert-21internal
assert-201internal
assert-211internal
assert-221internal
assert-231internal
assert-241internal
assert-251internal
assert-261internal
assert-271internal
assert-281internal
assert-291internal
assert-31internal
assert-301internal
assert-311internal
assert-321internal
assert-331internal
assert-341internal
assert-41internal
assert-51internal
assert-61internal
assert-71internal
assert-81internal
assert-91internal
closure_policy — 1
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
LawsOfCivilSocietyClosureThese are the Lawes of Nature, dictating Peace, for a means of the conservation of men in multitudes; and which onely concern the doctrine of Civill Society1internal
external_decl — 3
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against_the_law_or_not/externalwhether against the Law, or not against the Law — a question Of Rightinternal
done_or_not_done/externalwhether it were done, or not done — a question Of Factinternal
reasonable_suspicion/externalany reasonable suspition that the other will not performeinternal
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LEV_CH14internal
LEV_CH15internal
LEV_U01internal
LEV_U01_P1internal
LEV_U02internal
LEV_U02_P1internal
LEV_U03internal
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LEV_U04internal
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LEV_U09internal
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LEV_U10internal
LEV_U10_P1internal
LEV_U10_P2internal
LEV_U11internal
LEV_U11_P1internal
LEV_U12internal
LEV_U12_P1internal
LEV_U13internal
LEV_U13_P1internal
LEV_U14internal
LEV_U14_P1internal
LEV_U15internal
LEV_U15_P1internal
LEV_U15_P2internal
LEV_U16internal
LEV_U16_P1internal
LEV_U17internal
LEV_U17_P1internal
LEV_U17_P2internal
LEV_U17_P3internal
LEV_U18internal
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LEV_U19internal
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LEV_U20internal
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LEV_U21internal
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LEV_U22internal
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LEV_U23internal
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LEV_U24internal
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LEV_U27internal
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LEV_U29internal
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LEV_U30internal
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LEV_U31internal
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LEV_U32_P4internal
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LEV_U34internal
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LEV_U35internal
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LEV_U38internal
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LEV_U40internal
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LEV_U41internal
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LEV_U42internal
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LEV_U43internal
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LEV_U44internal
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LEV_U45_P2internal
LEV_U46internal
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LEV_U47internal
LEV_U47_P1internal
LEV_U48internal
LEV_U48_P1internal
LEV_U48_P2internal
LEV_U49internal
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LEV_U50internal
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LEV_U51internal
LEV_U51_P1internal
LEV_U52internal
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LEV_U53internal
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LEV_U54internal
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LEV_U56internal
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LEV_U57internal
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LEV_U58internal
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LEV_U58_P2internal
publication — 1
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
LEVIATHAN_1651_EN_TEXTinternal
source_edition — 1
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
LEVIATHAN_1651_ENChapters XIV-XV, as transcribed in Project Gutenberg ebook #3207internal
source_work — 1
УзелПодписьАнкеры §194
LEVIATHAN_1651Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civillinternal