Source / pinned edition
Superconductivity
Source of package openstax.condensed_matter · OpenStax University Physics, ch. 9 Condensed Matter Physics, module m58602
- work
- urn:openstax:clir:condensed-matter#M58602
- number
- OpenStax University Physics, ch. 9 Condensed Matter Physics, module m58602
- kind
- urn:openstax:clir:condensed-matter#treatise
m58602/index.cnxml at commit d0ed34a (main, 2026-06-11)
- edition
- urn:openstax:clir:condensed-matter#M58602_MAIN
- language
- en
- officiality
- official
- materialisation
- PINNED_OFFICIAL_BYTES
- life cycle
- adopted: 2026-06-11
Publications
| URI | Type | documentHash | Retrieved |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/d0ed34a5851119a42e3d972dfc0ff49e4663977c/modules/m58602/index.cnxml | application/xml; charset=utf-8 | sha256:47c6479d5cbf9e65a70ff282ed0c1d062df603abba986360b43b51ae9fbe8e60 | 2026-09-06T00:00:00Z |
Fragments — 5
module/m58602#fs-id1172099501303 · defn
en · official · sha256:36f5cbc310b5077e4ca53b5098c1f091b7cf77c68445fc86cee74a33fa38f2b5
<definition id="fs-id1172099501303">
<term>Cooper pair</term>
<meaning id="fs-id1172099501309">coupled electron pair in a superconductor</meaning>
</definition>module/m58602#fs-id1172102108624 · defn · referenced by: 1
en · official · sha256:b5ce7c496f6bd44ff9ec346e909ef30e7403162455a30b04f37c63875d72f6d4
<definition id="fs-id1172102108624">
<term>critical magnetic field</term>
<meaning id="fs-id1172102108629">maximum field required to produce superconductivity</meaning>
</definition>Referencing norms: critical_field_at_absolute_zero
module/m58602#fs-id1172102131914 · section · referenced by: 1
en · official · sha256:986c9d303f48ae33f31d2c81dbb67b845ea023baf4a571c2cfda97231bce6251
<para id="fs-id1172102131914">where <m:math><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mi>B</m:mi><m:mtext>c</m:mtext></m:msub><m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo><m:mn>0</m:mn><m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo></m:mrow></m:math> is the critical field at absolute zero temperature. <link target-id="fs-id1172101922736"/> lists the critical temperatures and fields for two classes of superconductors: <term id="term-00003">type I superconductor</term> and <term id="term-00004">type II superconductor</term>. In general, type I superconductors are elements, such as aluminum and mercury. They are perfectly diamagnetic below a critical field <emphasis effect="italics">B<sub>C</sub></emphasis>(<emphasis effect="italics">T</emphasis>), and enter the normal non-superconducting state once that field is exceeded. The critical fields of type I superconductors are generally quite low (well below one tesla). For this reason, they cannot be used in applications requiring the production of high magnetic fields, which would destroy their superconducting state.</para>Referencing norms: CriticalFieldFallsAsTemperatureSquared
module/m58602#fs-id1172099545829 · defn · referenced by: 4
en · official · sha256:bc439e67571361467442d7ce9653a80bf452156130ee4972c4f2c2a49669f202
<definition id="fs-id1172099545829">
<term>critical temperature</term>
<meaning id="fs-id1172099545834">maximum temperature to produce superconductivity</meaning>
</definition>Referencing norms: AtOrAboveCriticalTemperatureItDoesNot, BelowCriticalTemperatureItSuperconducts, critical_temperature, temperature_of
module/m58602#fs-id1172101758770 · section · referenced by: 1
en · official · sha256:91f91fba016de9d5e51f7d9293166eb186eb6f95f3574520b53570657accaf79
<para id="fs-id1172101758770">In addition to zero electrical resistance, superconductors also have perfect diamagnetism. In other words, in the presence of an applied magnetic field, the net magnetic field within a superconductor is always zero (<link target-id="CNX_UPhysics_42_08_Meissner"/>). Therefore, any magnetic field lines that pass through a superconducting sample when it is in its normal state are expelled once the sample becomes superconducting. These are manifestations of the Meissner effect, which you learned about in the chapter on current and resistance.</para>Referencing norms: SuperconductorExpelsTheField
The hash beside the text is the sha256 of its exact bytes. It is the check that the text shown matches the one pinned in the package: a divergence fails the oracle’s static analysis.