The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

en · official · sha256:d37d91c191e4d51433482eea770819d254ef285d2a58acbcef308a2a57d4c0a5EN

Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

Ссылаются нормы: AcquiesceInTheNecessityOfSeparation

en · official · sha256:460e72fafd4371d30ab6f949ccee4732996bcd9de02cc9522df2d4f646e88898EN

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Ссылаются нормы: PetitionsAnswerPrudence, PrinceMarkedAsTyrantIsUnfit, RepeatedPetitionsAnsweredByInjury

en · official · sha256:6b13d9599df82f0ad1fb987e8377d46461f996916127e7403deeee0577168270EN

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-hfe1fabbf07ec0ec7d4a3c6787940fc76e67f9e553e58094d3ce3ca65d21ba66f

en · official · sha256:88ce69dfeb02b33b042a8580808e407cc78e72fce993565c6ffbce0b322b9af8EN

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-ha3c2fac9a361b43cfaee430214f7a085eae06c2c2a80e873ad588f055e315de4

en · official · sha256:cc277b70944cebfdf98ec9f92369ec1bff955fade8200a928f4b433695e44d46EN

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-hcec354512e2b3ae9a9ef95956651bc65b601b4dc3ab7d8cbe1d131e08f385b06

en · official · sha256:562072696368390d282d93a08d8e409d89952b1bec49e67e031e29ded56de372EN

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h0b8b5abae936cb00a314a8bf8fec69912cd14c65ec4fed41599f98dbb3920851

en · official · sha256:f2ee0cba73589d66121fa362e442a2f9e8d60504940f9eab675b413ceca9b75bEN

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-ha2eaf50ae67783555d493f7299e7a421b82983cf83f84f220397c048a8647810

en · official · sha256:480f4d53977d6946f4e307e37bbdaf6400212950ca05b19229c4e57d8700c249EN

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h634a03ba0782b270887d0cf37173606fbf095b0a6d155f9093b21471a53dcbde

en · official · sha256:03f3694049e2e7260981623a0a8723fae5ccd66f17b8fb13c0658cdb36e99620EN

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h823af5fe4cea3f94876037d3cb878852b466e616f4300b433c7a1257c96b7123

en · official · sha256:7367b09ab38f9d9f809790943ccc8b88d94783975a0acb5997330dc9a36b36d9EN

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h60f87b16d939ef286a831f3f3daf52f5181d668b8e6282275890848730277460

en · official · sha256:f8500c602848cc9a8ddecef72f4307a0d9273708a7143b179af4c4acfa39b91aEN

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h894350bb5f6f0de82d0c4dea820dafeba9a50ceb4c8eae677c98ca04b48d242c

en · official · sha256:4201b60777cc355f052eb7cb3e6f985d6b448caaea80cc0fa2485ddd3ee59ae2EN

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h98ce85ed054631936cc35e0d5bec1d452fe88fc82829dd6f88e2d7d0a43df6a6

en · official · sha256:9c77005077eaf7581dff7f3cd1a119ac390e95483d726823db4d3eebe98d3cb1EN

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h6e14587854fb2fcfd0635981c1302b20ed71b1491c97b684704604e13d479f12

en · official · sha256:bd404dfe18ec5d4fc886eee33fa11f28b10bb602b9be18190757bf1710296558EN

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-ha724b226393242c22a6eabe41dd45afef2135240a4a27b09c4e8af1ea2b39316

en · official · sha256:f52f8b2abcb70df8addc1d6a5a0a436876c0727e76506c890faef179250396a7EN

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-hb6b68da0bbd3310bbf50e2bd528d9de2cf45d37a15acc1421d5a53bd14b4200d

en · official · sha256:d068f909f39a16649f9ee0f3345f69a120937cab46b897f75daae414e1e7c401EN

For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h2204a65845393712d1b7617fe82dd774d40efcf4b56d3ba4760e7f77823015ed

en · official · sha256:d4a5fe17e8a5f0b40ea142718f78b11d7a5bfef6fad9f0fab667bcc15b658db6EN

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h6b06bffd1df22f5950ce463fce0b5eb62a81b25ccbe4033b5534cfaca2c579b8

en · official · sha256:76e59db92d97dcb7a40f80ca8b441bc19d77e550b6469462124d2ad353ebac19EN

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h9b0c2a14cb70459668e63ac01a85909294f2985d04f519ebb81a5656a349e4f9

en · official · sha256:de934a87d4f84ee5117c580f57b37c090da2552f195a8f063c275f78a06af155EN

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h23148a4aa961b143736c079cea321486703c29e99a5475e725010ec0da97d503

en · official · sha256:4f9c78878b86f3b39d9a4445f10efd2ab7d5dfcd9e611ea464f42962e77a0e3bEN

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-hfe7f3f6611df17a5d310c9b62f04721f9fb3f55e0a1a4c412c9d23a1c6168ec3

en · official · sha256:d5c6364def16f08b0f31acb23e1f47fda41a5c2e15f7861267bef5c8845442d0EN

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-he27a3856725be8fb4ab679bc662a0acd060e992fa6bcf81c2581db9d8c997e70

en · official · sha256:c5bb230c231e566efa58a1cdf972d1372828705aabc102daa73c8089eceba0ddEN

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-ha0a5ee0b1a794b304d4390135db45aec77ce0590f9f07c0ea10911f7eec255b5

en · official · sha256:95841488fdd4178c666f621323f5bdb048a05906099353e5f6e21fc0bd37e626EN

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h850905da28db1d10e05996c75fe5ab3f617d31904a5ec1718a41697953803efa

en · official · sha256:cdd19695356cf612eebff91684e7072d1647e58d15984aace12bff950c244cf4EN

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h39183d628fd21d2fd268d36209f15bcc008fde2b1e6a3c28b51541cf8db294ed

en · official · sha256:fd92ee9c04cabbe74fad1bae984b664e8fa19e23e32860b23383ea0df1b5e2a7EN

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-hf9190031c6f4545a24942a2aaa48b2a83349f955ac094ae9d616221772395271

en · official · sha256:7190bb9355e3a8f0fd0d6ce15495656459a3ff3747a21fbb88a554afcb9cca13EN

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-ha08d51d36bd87d7e5c19b7e9633794c64e7839ea3d3b3946985d95191db5c008

en · official · sha256:ca9cfec23c68aeda25d5b84349f6e9cebb42e15873d9b31975d3c9541d37572aEN

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h3110865736ae67045190bb6ec82bb71091f8594df79838ad6846f9854b6872d9

en · official · sha256:494604d9caf01ca2c18dcbb2d16c3a0a74531e0238bc781321e63b75903a3987EN

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-h6e55f46cdbe15691c490707b49c4a4ae5e6d8c9920a95a7f0a8bea581bc8ec9c

en · official · sha256:2b88bbb96c854e9f30a91b787e2c398887697a12c9eac096dc2c3181f82c1f6eEN

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

Ссылаются нормы: assert-hd20f59cdebbbc9926e80ba16376b1e6ae2d961ff5bec8d3e167209a1ef22514a

en · official · sha256:839be55b03809e17cafc68ccbfea29d3e256bcdd7f664d51a50284b8ee04110aEN

In Congress, July 4, 1776

en · official · sha256:e01ad94ac6288c41356f84c0f8995817cda6d6d05ce01c2490fdbc97c95bf711EN

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

en · official · sha256:cbab713becb1bc10d47e26e22ad82f3beffcea037992d23ceb695daccab064d4EN

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

Ссылаются нормы: AllMenAreCreatedEqual, AlterOrAbolishGovernment, ChargesAreAgainstThePresentKing, DespotismByDesignEstablished, DestructivenessOfEndsEstablished, EndowedWithUnalienableRights, EveryChargeAimsAtAbsoluteTyranny, FormOfNewGovernment, GovernmentsInstitutedToSecureRights, HistoryIsOfRepeatedInjuries, InstituteNewGovernment, JustPowersDeriveFromConsent, LongTrainEvincesDesignOfDespotism, ProvideNewGuards, PrudenceAgainstChangeForLightCauses, RightAndDutyToThrowOffGovernment/norm/1, RightAndDutyToThrowOffGovernment/norm/2, RightToAlterOrAbolishGovernment, RightToInstituteNewGovernment/norm/1, RightToInstituteNewGovernment/norm/2, SubmittedChargesClosure, ThrowOffSuchGovernment, UnalienableRight, UnalienableRightsAreImmune, assert-h2ec658be9314638c7cd7a45b466c7bda58c409a2e2a725db8fe9b651804ad299, assert-h3a9694e11cfa2e6162565128dc2b1b6cefb0bb58199be97a8f34fba7e18f68b1, assert-h6417e0a13886e5e2aced0a0ec506651810ab7fb9aec386616ca7b266ed8597eb

en · official · sha256:6be83676473f8f1c9f01924f8e616634690597e193ae14fc9d9889ec8c519031EN

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

Ссылаются нормы: ActsOfIndependentStates, AllegianceToCrownAbsolved, FullPowerOfIndependentStates, NamedActsAreWithinPower, NamedStateActsClosure, OtherActsWithinPowerIfOfRight, PoliticalConnectionWithBritainDissolved, UnitedColoniesAreFreeAndIndependent, assert-h1c8a7921575a5234e252dc7e149f116bcbf07f973c8951a89a432693580ff61e, assert-h6d3e003a3d67ad3b4d8b2feec92c1238efff780e882193c640e3da95a9416efa, assert-hb2c1019d71b96869b365bd0129417723d46fab2fdd1ff2fddaed4ccc91a29b26, assert-hca46e0c8ca642de1d7bc2bdb77de4e828c8a2c894a1d5a0b172e968f8eac79b6, assert-hec1cc130ff19843c16952881c540d4d30fa75efae0e0d98f56971b3786b5ac20

en · official · sha256:432e7b3987f35a818f0a9e752876fb7327522181a10bbbab403f98112f54266bEN

Georgia Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall George Walton North Carolina William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn South Carolina Edward Rutledge Thomas Heyward, Jr. Thomas Lynch, Jr. Arthur Middleton Massachusetts John Hancock Maryland Samuel Chase William Paca Thomas Stone Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson, Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton Pennsylvania Robert Morris Benjamin Rush Benjamin Franklin John Morton George Clymer James Smith George Taylor James Wilson George Ross Delaware Caesar Rodney George Read Thomas McKean New York William Floyd Philip Livingston Francis Lewis Lewis Morris New Jersey Richard Stockton John Witherspoon Francis Hopkinson John Hart Abraham Clark New Hampshire Josiah Bartlett William Whipple Massachusetts Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island Stephen Hopkins William Ellery Connecticut Roger Sherman Samuel Huntington William Williams Oliver Wolcott New Hampshire Matthew Thornton